Such waters loosen the soil at the base, wash off the smallest particles from it and destroy the clutch between the constituent elements of the soil, lowering the bearing capacity of the base. In addition, clay moisturized soils will be fed when freezing, which can cause undesirable deformations in foundations and in structures.
On one reservoir building, there was an uneven siege of its base with the deviation of the top of the building for 1 m towards the water -divided cranes. The most likely cause of this was recognized as water entering the ground (clay).
In the above example of the incorrect laying of the base of the four -story building, in addition to the crack on the facade, a massive formation of cracks was observed in the middle part of the building. The ZGO was a consequence of the fact that the construction site was not planned, an uncleaned building material was lying around the structure, the drain pipes were not installed and rainwater was not discharged from the foundation, but fell under its sole. The sole of the foundation in the middle part of the structure was laid below the bottom of the pit by only 0.5 m, and the soil was not protected from freezing. The water that penetrated the sole of the foundation due to the inevitable freezing of the soil caused a weakening of its resistance to the pressure of the building and was the reason for the formation of numerous cracks in this part.
Wetting the lateral masses of soil adjacent to the foundation of the structure. This circumstance leads to the fall of the internal friction coefficient in the ground, as a result of which its lateral pressure on the walls of the foundation increases. In the basements and the like rooms where there is no repulsion of this pressure, a fragment of foundation walls is possible.
Under the basement of another four -story building in the fall, a pit was dug in a dry small sand with an admixture of 15% of clay at a pressure of 2 kg/cm2. The removal of surface water from the pit was not done. In mid -April of next year, a bottle laying of the foundation was launched with preliminary removal of the upper layer of frozen soil. In early May, to the paddock, it was suspended due to the cracks discovered in it, although it was erected to a height of only 0.5 – 1.5 m.
When examining the structure in the ground, cracks and collapses were found that performed pressure on the mount and masonry. The foundation steam bent in the plan, which was caused by low quality masonry, very slow hardening of the solution at low temperature and an increase in the lateral pressure of the soil, the combustion of particles of which was disturbed with excessive moisture content.